| Table 2. Partitioning and populating the Passiflora/herbivore community based on larval feeding. Note that every niche "box" is filled, and that with the exception of hecale/cydno there is only one species per box. This suggests intense competition for the host plant resource. Also note that each set of host plant species host 3-4 of the feeding modes, as if there was no competition between members of different modes! (from Smiley, ms in prep.) |
| Passiflora |
Coexisting Feeding Modes (Life History Strategies) |
| flea beetle larvae |
Heliconius caterpillars |
| subgenus |
species |
habitat |
root/stem feeders |
leaf-feeders |
generalist |
monophagous |
Astrophaea |
pittieri |
forest |
Pedilia "red" (stems and leaves) |
cydno |
sapho |
| Decaloba |
biflora
auriculata |
second growth |
Parchicola "DF2" |
Ptocadica bifasciata |
erato |
sara |
| lobata |
forest
|
Monomacra violacea |
Ptocadica "red" |
charithonia edge? |
| Passiflora |
oerstedii
|
second growth |
Parchicola "yellow-tibia"
|
Ptocadica "yellow" |
hecale
|
melpomene
|
ambigua
vitifolia
|
forest |
Parchicola "black-tibia" |
hecale
cydno |
doris |
| other species lightly used or not used as host |
arbelaezii
megacoriacea
menispermifolia |
forest, 2nd gr.
2nd growth
2nd growth |
|
|
|
|
| # common species |
10 |
4.5 |
3.5 |
3.5 |
4.5 |
| total # common species |
10 |
8 |
8 |